Current Status and Future Prospects of Carbon Capture and Storage Technology

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is widely recognized as a pivotal technological solution for mitigating climate change and achieving global carbon neutrality goals. This article provides a systematic review of the entire CCS technological chain, elucidating its core principles and system components, which encompass three primary capture methods—pre-combustion, post-combustion, and oxy-fuel combustion—alongside the critical processes of transportation and geological storage. Through detailed examination of pioneering international projects, including China’s Shenhua Ordos and Norway’s Sleipner initiatives, this study analyzes the practical implementation pathways, operational experiences, and verifies the technical feasibility of large-scale CCS deployment. Furthermore, the review delves into the significant challenges currently impeding wider adoption, such as high economic costs, substantial energy consumption (the “energy penalty”), and long-term storage safety concerns. Finally, the article evaluates future development trends, highlighting the role of technological innovation, international policy support, and the evolving paradigm towards Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS). This comprehensive review aims to serve as a valuable reference for understanding the potential, limitations, and future directions of CCS technology in the global effort to reduce carbon emissions.