Summary: The real-world effectiveness of the bispecific antibody teclistamab seems to be lower than the efficacy observed in pivotal registration trials. Understanding the drivers of this effectiveness–efficacy gap is essential for guiding the rational selection of patients most likely to benefit, optimizing bispecific antibody therapy in high-risk populations and ultimately advancing more personalized treatment strategies while supporting sustainable models of care. See related article by Razzo et al., p. XX