Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals characteristic transcription factors in polydactyly.

OBJECTIVE: The study aims to provide guidance on the identification of multiple-digit malformations as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of four multiple-finger malformation samples were downloaded from the GEO public database. Fibroblasts and keratinocytes were divided into cellular subpopulations and the transcription factors of different subpopulations were analyzed. The regulatory network of transcription factors and their target genes were constructed to analyze the functionality of regulons. RESULTS: Examination of the transcriptional profile data from 11,806 single cells uncovered significant associations between regulons and cell function in polydactyly. Specifically, the analysis highlighted the involvement of HOX family members and GLI2 transcription factors, including HOXD13, MSX2, LHX2, EMX2, LEF1, CREB3L2, and LHX2, in the polydactyly process within fibroblast cells. Furthermore, it sheds light on the roles of HES2 and GLIS1 in the formation and development of keratinocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Significant presence of transcription factors, especially HOXD13, MSX2, and LHX2, may be strongly related to the development of polydactyly.