Evaluating the Efficacy and Pharmacoeconomics of Semaglutide and Tirzepatide in the Setting of Obesity

Background: Obesity is a major and growing public health concern. The associated cost for obesity and its related comorbidities is approximately 30% of US health care expenditures annually. As additional pharmacotherapeutic options join the market to combat obesity, it is important to understand the financial impact it may have on overall health care costs. This article explores the efficacy and pharmacoeconomics of incretin mimetics, semaglutide and tirzepatide, in the setting of obesity. Area of Uncertainty: The cost of incretin mimetics (semaglutide and tirzepatide) and its overall impact on obesity management within the health care arena is being explored. The cost comparison of these medications is to be determined; however, it may represent an added cost to the total US health care expenditures. Data Sources: A PubMed and Google Scholar search was conducted using various search terms (eg, semaglutide, tirzepatide, pharmacoeconomics, and obesity). Therapeutic Advances: Based on the data reviewed, both semaglutide and tirzepatide are effective medication options for obesity management. Obesity-related management expenditures exceed $173 billion for the US health care system annually. The cost needed to treat for 1% of weight loss with semaglutide and tirzepatide was reported as $1845 and $985, respectively. More than 40% of adults (60 years or older) experience obesity. If 1%, 5%, or 10% of this population is treated with semaglutide, the annual Medicare costs will translate to excess of $2.6 billion, $13.3 billion, and $26.8 billion, respectively. Tirzepatide is not yet approved in the United States for obesity and its financial impact remains to be seen. Conclusions: Obesity is associated with burdensome health complications and costs. Semaglutide and tirzepatide are effective drug options for the management of obesity. The cost of these medications will no doubt present a challenge to the total health care expenditures, although the cost–benefit ratio may ultimately be favorable.