Clinical and Microbiological Characteristics of Meningococcal Eye Infections: Retrospective National Surveillance in England, 2010–2022

Abstract Objectives Neisseria meningitidis is primarily associated with severe systemic infections but can infect the eye and periocular tissues. Most meningococcal eye infections have a mild prognosis, but there is a significant increase in the risk of invasive disease. UK public health guidelines recommend chemoprophylaxis for meningococcal eye infection cases and contacts. This study involved a clinical and microbiological analysis of meningococcal eye infections in England over a 13-year period. Methods The analysis included all English cases of eye infection with confirmed isolation of N. meningitidis from ocular samples between 2010 and 2022. Microbiological data were integrated with clinical information collected by public health professionals, including age, clinical presentation, and treatment. Results Among 263 meningococcal eye infection cases, nearly half were observed in infants, with the highest risk in neonates. Conjunctivitis was the most common presentation, and most cases resolved without complications following treatment. Young children were more likely to receive intravenous antibiotics compared to older age groups. Around 3% of cases progressed to invasive disease (groups B, Y, or W); however, all patients survived. Most eye-derived isolates were non-groupable and reflected the profile of carriage strains in the UK, indicating an incidental infection not requiring encapsulation. Conclusions Meningococcal eye infections typically reflect strains circulating within the population suggesting they arise from exposure to respiratory secretions. Although cases often present with mild symptoms, the risk of invasive disease shortly after onset highlights the need for prompt recognition, systemic treatment, and a swift public health response.