Membrane research beyond materials science

Abstract The majority of research in membrane separation science is focused on developing better membrane materials, yet very few of these materials are being used in commercial applications. This paper attempts to explore the reasons behind this gap between academic research and industrial applications. We have identified four hurdles that need to be overcome to develop a novel material into a membrane and membrane module, integrate the module into a membrane process, and finally integrate the membrane process into the overall separation process, where the benefits of the new membrane materials can be exploited. Each hurdle is illustrated in detail and challenges for academic and industrial research are explored. The paper concludes with a plea to perform research projects more holistically, increase funding for module and process research, and expand membrane research beyond materials science.