Recent advances on bioactive food derived anti-diabetic hydrolysates and peptides from natural resources

In recent years, burgeoning reports have emphasized that food-derived peptides and protein hydrolysates can confer additional health benefits beyond nutritional role. The biologically active peptides are regarded as nutraceuticals and functional food ingredients displaying antihypertensive, antioxidant, mineral binding, maintenance of intestinal barrier function, and antimicrobial attributes. The food-derived bioactive peptides serve as an alternative to pharmacological treatments in the control of hypertension, the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and oxidative stress. This review integrates the existing information on plant and animal proteins with a particular focus on anti-diabetic inhibitory peptides. Besides, their modes of inhibition and structure–activity relationship of peptide inhibitors are also discussed. To elicit systemic effects, efficacy assessment and sufficient absorption are the key factors which have been proved by in vitro and in vivo studies, particularly if health-related claims are to be made.