Air Pollution Resulting from Biomass Combustion in Mozambique: Origins, Consequences, and Measures for Mitigation

Air pollution caused by biomass burning is the main environmental concern in Mozambique. This paper investigates the effect of biomass combustion on air quality, focusing on the sources of pollution, pollutants released, and health and environmental consequences. The substantial reliance on biomass for cooking, heating, and energy generation causes high levels of air pollution from the combustion of wood, agricultural residues, and charcoal. During biomass burning, particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) are emitted, resulting in health hazards and contributing to climate change. Mozambique can considerably improve air quality, safeguard public health, and contribute to sustainable development by using cleaner cooking technology, supporting sustainable biomass management practices, and raising awareness.