Lipocalin‐2: Its perspectives in brain pathology and possible roles in cognition

Abstract Lipocalin‐2 ( LCN 2) has been known to play an important role in pathological conditions, specifically in response to inflammation, infection and injury to cells. Recently, several research teams have been interested in investigating its association with cognition during the progression of pathology. Previous studies have demonstrated that LCN 2 is not correlated with cognitive function under normal physiological conditions, although LCN 2 has been negatively associated with cognition and some neuropathologies. Increasing LCN 2 production is associated with reduced cognitive performance in a rodent model. However, further studies are needed to explore the potential underlying mechanisms of LCN 2 on cognitive dysfunction, as well as its clinical relevance. This review aims to summarise the evidence available from in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies concerning the possible role of LCN 2 on cognitive function following the onset of pathological conditions. Any contradictory evidence is also assessed and presented.