From 0D to 3D: Structural Design of Metal‐Organic Framework‐Derived Composites for Next‐Generation Microwave Absorption

Metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐derived composites have rapidly emerged as one of the most versatile and powerful material platforms for next‐generation microwave absorbers. Their unique combination of structural programmability, compositional tunability, and hierarchical porosity enables precise control over electromagnetic parameters that are difficult to achieve in conventional carbon, dielectric, or magnetic materials. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and mechanism‐driven perspective on how dimensional engineering—from 0D nanoparticles to 3D architected frameworks—governs the impedance matching, attenuation pathways, and multiscale interactions that collectively determine microwave absorption performance. We first establish unified evaluation protocols and clarify the intrinsic loss mechanisms including polarization relaxation, conduction loss, magnetic loss, and dielectric–magnetic coupling. We then dissect the structure–property relationships across different dimensional categories, highlighting how MOF‐derived architectures enable tailored conductive networks, interfacial polarization sites, magnetic coupling effects, and multireflection pathways. By correlating synthetic strategies with electromagnetic response, we identify key design principles underpinning ultra‐broadband strong reflection loss and lightweight performance. Finally, we outline emerging opportunities—such as heterostructure engineering, defect modulation, and intelligent structural design—and discuss the fundamental challenges that must be addressed to accelerate the development of MOF‐derived absorbers for advanced electromagnetic protection technologies.