Hemoglobinopathies include an enormous patient population in south part of Turkey. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is only curative treatment in thalassemia. Optimal medical therapy is very important in the years before transplant to achieve a successful transplantation. In this study, the indications, risk factors, results and the situation related with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in thalassemia in Turkey was reviewed.