Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis affects approximately 10% of the U.S. population and is more common in children than adults. Up to 99% of physician visits for atopic dermatitis are in primary care. Most cases can be managed successfully with topical treatments, including moisturizers and prescription anti-inflammatory treatments, such as corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists. For more refractory or severe atopic dermatitis, ultraviolet phototherapy and systemic treatments, usually prescribed by specialists, can be used. Systemic treatments include older off-label immunomodulators, such as methotrexate. Since 2017, multiple on-label injectable biologics and oral JAK inhibitors have been approved.