Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): an overview for sustainable agriculture and development

The use of biofertilizers is emerging as an excellent alternative to hamper the bad environmental impact and increasing costs caused by synthetic agrochemicals. During the last two decades the use of beneficial soil microorganisms like Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) for sustainable and safe agriculture has increased globally. The plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are the bacteria that are present in the soil, colonize plant roots, and enhance plant growth by different mechanisms. These PGPR are well recognized as biofertilizers as they promote the growth of efficient soil microbes for the improvement of agriculture yields. This review highlights the PGPR involved in different plant–microbial interactions under the current and future perspectives. Further explained are the different types of PGPR-based biofertilizers and their applications, recent developments and research to promote sustainable agriculture. Finally, the latest paradigms of applicability of these beneficial rhizobacteria in different agroecosystems have been presented comprehensively to highlight the recent trends to develop future insights.