Embodied cognition

Concepts held in long-term memory are the basic building blocks of cognition because they constitute the meaning of objects, events, and abstract ideas. Embodied cognition theories assume that concepts are essentially constituted by reinstatements of experiences related to perception and introspection as well as to bodily actions. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest research on embodied cognition in the domains of memory for concrete, abstract and number concepts as well as for reading and writing. Reviewed evidence indicates that even the most complex and abstract thoughts are grounded in modal systems and are not abstract-symbolic.