Stipulations of cell and gene therapy and the ties to biomanufacturing

Abstract Cell and gene therapy (CGT) products are emerging and innovative biopharmaceuticals that hold promise for treating diseases that are otherwise beyond the scope of conventional medicines. The evolution of CGT from a research idea to a promising therapeutic product is due to the complementary advancements across various scientific disciplines. First, the innovations and advancements in gene editing and delivery technology have provided fundamental tools to manipulate genes and cells for therapeutic pursuits. Second, advancements in applied and translational research, including how clinical trials are designed, performed, evaluated, and analyzed, have transformed the technology into a potential therapeutic product. Third, advancements in scaling up the production of CGT products have been critical in delivering the product for preclinical studies, clinical trials, and approved treatments. In parallel, regulatory requirements have continuously evolved, with lessons learned from translational studies and biomanufacturing. These combined efforts have transformed CGT products from a promising concept into a reality with the potential to treat a wide range of diseases. However, continued R&D and regulatory oversight are crucial to further improve the safety, efficacy, and accessibility of CGT products.