多孔性
结晶
溶解度
材料科学
模块化设计
聚合物
金属有机骨架
有机分子
化学工程
有机聚合物
纳米技术
多态性(计算机科学)
分子
化学
复合材料
有机化学
计算机科学
吸附
工程类
基因型
操作系统
基因
生物化学
作者
Tom Hasell,Andrew I. Cooper
标识
DOI:10.1038/natrevmats.2016.53
摘要
Porosity is a rare property for molecular materials but, surprisingly, porous solids built from discrete organic cage molecules have emerged as a versatile functional-materials platform. From modest beginnings less than a decade ago, there are now organic cage solids with surface areas that can rival extended metal–organic frameworks. In contrast to network polymers and frameworks, these organic cages are synthesized first and then assembled in the solid state in a separate step. This offers solution-processing options that are not available for insoluble organic and inorganic frameworks. In this Review, we highlight examples of porous organic cages and focus on the unique features that set them apart, such as their molecular solubility, their increased tendency to exhibit polymorphism and the scope for modular co-crystallization. The surface areas of molecular organic cage solids now rival those of metal–organic frameworks. In this Review, the synthesis and structures of various porous organic cages are outlined together with a discussion of the characteristics — such as solubility, polymorphism and modular co-crystallization — that distinguish these cages from their inorganic or hybrid counterparts.
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