Immunological Responses Triggered by Photothermal Therapy with Carbon Nanotubes in Combination with Anti‐CTLA‐4 Therapy to Inhibit Cancer Metastasis

Photothermal ablation of primary tumors with single-walled carbon nanotubes is demonstrated to be able to trigger significant adaptive immune responses, which are not observed if tumors are removed by surgical resection. Such a treatment in combination with anti-CTLA-4 antibody therapy is able to prevent the development of tumor metastasis, which is a major cause of cancer death.