Fraxinellone Inhibited Immune Evasion and Cell Growth by Inactivating HIF‐1α/STAT3/PD‐L1 Signaling in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

T cell activation. Mechanistically, FRA effectively inactivated HIF-1α/STAT3/PD-L1 signaling in ESCC cells and xenograft tumors. Ultimately, FRA treatment inhibited tumor growth in vivo. In conclusions, FRA inhibited ESCC cell growth and immune evasion by inactivating HIF-1α/STAT3/PD-L1 signaling in vitro and vivo. This study suggested that FRA may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for ESCC treatment.