生物炭
热解
电阻率和电导率
材料科学
环境科学
电导率
制浆造纸工业
化学工程
废物管理
环境化学
木炭
化学
冶金
工程类
电气工程
物理化学
作者
Randeep S. Gabhi,Luca Basile,Donald W. Kirk,Mauro Giorcelli,Alberto Tagliaferro,Charles Q. Jia
出处
期刊:Biochar
[Springer Nature]
日期:2020-06-18
卷期号:2 (3): 369-378
被引量:58
标识
DOI:10.1007/s42773-020-00056-0
摘要
Biochar is traditionally used as solid fuel and for soil amendment where its electrical conductivity is largely irrelevant and unexplored. However, electrical conductivity is critical to biochar’s performance in new applications such as supercapacitor energy storage and capacitive deionization of water. In this study, sugar maple and white pine were carbonized via a slow pyrolysis process at 600, 800 and 1000 °C and conductivities of monolithic biochar samples along the radial direction were measured using the 4-probe method. Biochars were characterized using an elemental analyzer, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The solid carbon in biochar samples was found to consist primarily of disordered carbon atoms with small graphitic nanocrystallites that grow with increasing temperature. The bulk conductivity of biochar was found to increase with pyrolysis temperature—1 to ~ 1000 S/m for maple and 1 to ~ 350 S/m for pine, which was accompanied by an increase in carbon content—91 to 97 wt% and 90 to 96 wt% for maple and pine, respectively. The skeletal conductivity of biochar samples carbonized at 1000 °C is about 3300 S/m and 2300 S/m for maple and pine, respectively (assuming solid carbon is amorphous); both values are above that of amorphous carbon (1250–2000 S/m). This work demonstrated the importance of carbonization and graphitization to electrical conductivity and suggested electron hopping as a likely mechanism for electric conduction in biochar—an amorphous carbon matrix embedded with graphitic nanocrystallites.
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