Multifunctional Biopolymer Nanocapsules for Antimicrobial, Fragrance-Releasing, and UV-Activated Coatings

Multifunctional biopolymer nanocapsule coatings with antimicrobial, fragrance-releasing, and UV-activated properties were developed using poly(eugenol methacrylate) (PEuMA) synthesized via miniemulsion polymerization. Linalool, a model essential oil, was encapsulated within the nanocapsules, while a polymerizable surfactant, P(QAC12–BP)-I, was incorporated to introduce both antimicrobial quaternary ammonium (QAC12) groups and UV-reactive benzophenone (BP) moieties. The resulting spherical nanocapsules (∼400 nm) exhibited high colloidal stability (+80 mV) and achieved 70% monomer conversion within 8 h. Upon UV irradiation, the BP groups enabled covalent cross-linking between nanocapsules and cotton fabrics, significantly enhancing coating durability. The coated fabrics showed 100% bacterial reduction against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Corynebacterium glutamicum and retained 72% of the coating after 10 washing cycles. Linalool was gradually released over 7 weeks, achieving 60% cumulative release, ensuring prolonged aroma delivery. These UV-cross-linkable PEuMA nanocapsules present a robust and sustainable platform for durable antimicrobial and functional surface coatings.