The Emergence of Bioactive Peptides as Anti-diabetic Agents: A Review

A complex condition called diabetes mellitus is characterized by insufficient or resistant insulin production. The incidence of diseases is rising quickly, placing a significant economic, social, and health burden on the modern world. Interventions in nutrition and improved physical activity could make a big difference in controlling this disease. Bioactive peptides obtained from natural sources have been linked to various therapeutic benefits. Several peptides with anti-diabetic potential may lower blood sugar levels, enhance insulin uptake, and inhibit vital enzymes involved in the onset and progression of diabetes. Many bioactive peptides with anti-diabetic properties have been discovered and validated. A more transparent comprehension of the underlying molecular mechanisms of these peptides will aid the development of new peptide-based pharmaceuticals. The objective of this review was to update our understanding of the genesis, structural features, and mechanism of action. The effects of bioactive peptides on vital enzymes and proteins, such as α- glucosidase, α-amylase, glucagon-like peptides, and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, which are involved in managing glycaemic levels from carbohydrate consumption through blood glucose regulation, were also addressed. The information obtained through this study and industry endeavours should provide a better understanding and evaluation of the prospects of bioactive peptides with antidiabetic potential for blood glucose level management.