Bismuth-Based nanophotocatalysts for environmental reintegration

In the recent past years, layered bismuth-based nano and micro photocatalysts have established substantial consideration in comparison with other photocatalytic materials due to its evolving potential towards the various photocatalytic applications in environmental reintegration. The electronic band structure of Bismuth(III) characterises suitable band-gap for visible-light photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic activity of these Bismuth-based Materials (BBMs) can be methodically increased by implementing various approaches including interface modification, formation of heterojunction, implementing the sensitizers, doping the metal or non-metal, developing the composites, and forming the oxygen vacancies. Even so, its visible light operations limits up due to greater recombination of photoinduced charge carriers. This article thoroughly encapsulates electronic spectra, strategies implemented for higher separation of charge carriers, and establishing its potential in the field of degrading manageable & recalcitrant pollutants as well as anti-microbial activity. Finally, the future challenges and attributes of using BBM photocatalysts are summarised.