In‐Situ Polymerization MXene@PAF‐1 for Triboelectric Nanogenerators With High Surface Charge Density Toward Self‐Powered Cardiovascular Assessment

ABSTRACT The development of high‐performance triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is fundamentally limited by low surface charge density and rapid charge dissipation in conventional polymer dielectrics. Herein, an in situ polymerization strategy was proposed to construct MXene@PAF‐1, which is further incorporated into a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix to fabricate triboelectric dielectric films. The intercalated porous aromatic framework (PAF‐1) suppresses MXene restacking and introduces abundant deep‐trap sites, thereby enhancing charge storage and retention. Meanwhile, strong interfacial interactions promote β‐phase crystallization and interfacial polarization, synergistically improving surface charge density. As a result, the MXene@PAF‐1@PVDF based TENG achieves an output voltage of 770 V, current density of 31 mA/m 2 and peak power density of 9.2 W/m 2 , representing an approximately 18‐fold enhancement over pristine PVDF devices. Kelvin probe force microscopy combined with surface potential decay analysis reveals an ∼81.8‐fold increase in deep‐trap density, confirming the critical role of PAF‐1 in charge stabilization. In addition, the device enables self‐powered, high‐fidelity pulse sensing, while convolutional neural network‐assisted analysis allows accurate extraction of cardiovascular parameters and differentiation between healthy and hypertensive subjects. This work provides an effective strategy for trap‐engineered triboelectric dielectrics toward intelligent self‐powered healthcare electronics.