A review of technologies for carbon capture, sequestration, and utilization: Cost, capacity, and technology readiness

Abstract The continued rise in anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions and increase in atmospheric CO 2 concentration has led to calls from experts, including the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change that has estimated that global warming needs to be limited to 1.5 °C above preindustrial levels to avoid the worst effects of climate change, and that carbon neutrality would need to be achieved globally by 2050 to meet this target. Achieving carbon neutrality by mid‐century will rely on successful implementation and widespread adoption of technologies for reducing emissions from large point sources of CO 2 , direct CO 2 capture from the air, as well as storage and utilization technologies that would convert CO 2 to a form that would ensure safety and permanency of storage. In this paper, engineering solutions for CO 2 capture, utilization, and storage are reviewed with a focus on technology readiness level, and cost. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.