Abstract An ICT‐based mitochondria‐targeted fluorescent probe Mito‐NP was designed and synthesized for the detection of H 2 O 2 , with radical fluorescence intensity changes (up to 120‐fold) and a large Stokes shift (93 nm) in aqueous solution. There was good linear relationship (R 2 =0.9983) between the concentration of H 2 O 2 in the range of 0 to 100 μM and the fluorescence intensity at 553 nm, with a low detection limit of 0.25 μM (S/N=3). Mito‐NP could also visualize enzymatically generated H 2 O 2 . Furthermore, the probe could detect endogenous H 2 O 2 with good mitochondria targeting ability in living cells and could also detect the change in H 2 O 2 levels during mitochondria‐oriented apoptosis. Introduction