In this paper,the surface roughness and residual stress of 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV stainless steel after laser shock peening and shot peening were tested and analyzed.The results show that laser shock peening samples have better surface quality and larger residual stress than shot peening samples.And the contrast experiment between smooth test sample and the two samples treated by laser shock peening and shot peening was carried out,the results show that laser shock peening and shot peening can improve the fatigue performance of the stainless steel evidently.The test sample treated by laser shock peening has the longest fatigue lives which are 2 times of that by shot peening.