In this paper,the thermodynamics and dynamics of the preparation of high purity calcium by vacuum distillation are calculated in detail.The pre-distillation and distillation process are studied to determine the optimized process of preparation of high purity calcium by vacuum distillation.The pre-distillation and distillation parameters are respectively 700 ℃,40 minutes.and 850 ℃,60 minutes.It is effective to prevent the vacuum distillation products from being polluted by electroplated coating of Cr on the inner wall of the distillation unit.The 99.998% high purity calcium can be obtained by the vacuum distillation once.