Porphyrin-based covalent organic frameworks for electrocatalytic NO x reduction and C–N coupling reactions

electroreduction, highlighting their structure-activity relationships and catalytic mechanisms. Special emphasis is placed on their role in promoting C-N coupling reactions toward high-value organonitrogen products, such as urea, under mild electrochemical conditions. Finally, current challenges, including activity, selectivity, and mechanistic understanding, are discussed, together with perspectives on the rational design of next-generation porphyrin-based COF electrocatalysts.