Self-Powered Wireless Galvanic ECL Platform for On-Site Glutathione Detection

M. The sensing mechanism of the ROS-scavenging behavior of GSH, leading to thiol oxidation (conversion of GSH to GSSG (oxidised GSH)) and Cu-GSH complex formation, is confirmed by UV-Vis, FT-IR, and NMR studies. The platform showed excellent practical performance with 98-102% recovery in real human urine. Interference and time-dependent ECL profile studies on various GCF electrodes further confirm the sensor's good selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. With a self-powered design, these devices eliminate the necessity for external power supplies, intricate electrochemical setups, and photomultiplier tubes (PMT), transforming their size and cost while making them accessible for scaling and miniaturization for point-of-care applications. This self-powered ECL stands at the forefront of innovation, heralding a new era of visual and ECL imaging and biosensing applications.