Iron single-atom nanozyme-mediated laser interstitial thermal therapy and anti-inflammatory effect for epilepsy

Developing a safe and effective treatment for epilepsy (EP) necessitates a minimally invasive system capable of precisely targeting and ablating the lesion area while effectively suppressing subsequent inflammation. In this study, we present an innovative therapeutic strategy for epilepsy, leveraging iron single-atom nanozymes (Fe/SAN) in conjunction with laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) and their remarkable anti-inflammatory properties. This technology offers a significant advantage by enabling precise ablation of deep brain lesions and epileptic foci without the need for invasive craniotomy procedures. Notably, Fe/SAN exhibits exceptional near-infrared photothermal efficiency, which drives LITT to selectively eliminate diseased tissue. Moreover, near-infrared thermal imaging enables real-time monitoring of temperature changes in the epileptic lesion area, ensuring precise control of the therapeutic process. Additionally, Fe/SAN exhibits outstanding multienzyme-mimicking activities, which not only facilitate the precise ablation of epileptic foci but also scavenge reactive oxygen species and suppress inflammation. In kainic acid-induced epileptic mouse model, this combination effectively reduced seizure frequency and severity, improved spatial memory, and alleviated anxiety-like behaviors. This study introduces a novel "physical ablation-microenvironment regulation" strategy that achieves precise ablation of epileptic foci while modulating the local inflammatory microenvironment, thereby offering a highly promising minimally invasive treatment option for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.