Metal foam-phase change material composites for thermal energy storage: A review of performance parameters

Many efforts have been made to improve the weak thermal performance of phase change materials (PCMs). Among the common methods of such, embedment of open-cell metal foams (MFs) into PCMs offer unique opportunities to overcome the issue. The composites made of PCMs and MFs (PCM-MFs) have been extensively studied while behaviour of such composites is yet to be fully understood. There are a variety of parameters affecting thermophysical performance of PCM-MFs, some of which are well-known to date, and some are a subject of controversy. This study provides a detailed review of the parameters affecting thermophysical performance of PCM-MFs. In doing so and directed by literature, the most effective parameters are identified, and all their possible effects are investigated. The common observations along with the contradicting reports are pointed out and discussed in detail. Finally, the current gaps in the field are identified and opportunities for further research work to address them are discussed.