锚杆
结构工程
岩土工程
剪切(地质)
材料科学
参数统计
变形(气象学)
工程类
复合材料
统计
数学
作者
Yan Zhu,Mingbo Chi,Yanyan Tan,Ersheng Zha,Yuwei Zhang
出处
期刊:Applied sciences
[Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute]
日期:2025-06-19
卷期号:15 (12): 6933-6933
摘要
Conventional bolts frequently fail under large deformations due to stress concentration in soft rock tunnels. In contrast, yielding bolts incorporate energy-absorbing mechanisms to sustain controlled plastic deformation. This study employed FLAC3D to numerically investigate the pull-out, shear, and bending behaviors of yielding bolts, evaluating their support effectiveness in soft rock tunnels. Three-dimensional finite difference models incorporating nonlinear coupling springs and the Mohr–Coulomb criterion were developed to simulate bolt–rock interactions under multifactorial loading. Validation against experimental pull-out tests and field measurements confirmed the model accuracy. Under pull-out loading, the axial forces in yielding bolts decreased more rapidly along the bolt length, reducing stress concentration at the head. The central position of the maximum load-bearing capacity in conventional bolts fractured under tension, resulting in an hourglass-shaped axial force distribution. Conversely, the yielding bolts maintained yield strength for an extended period after reaching it, exhibiting a spindle-shaped axial force distribution. Parametric analyses reveal that bolt spacing exerts a greater influence on support effectiveness than length. This study bridges critical gaps in understanding yielding bolt behavior under combined loading and provides a validated framework for optimizing energy-absorbing support systems in soft rock tunnels.
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