Associations of individual and mixtures of organophosphate pesticides with the risk of osteoporosis in adult population

= 0.001), with DMDTP and DEDTP identified as key pollutants. Results from the Qgcomp models showed no substantial changes. This study indicated that exposure to both individual OPPs and their mixtures were associated with decreased BMD and increased osteoporosis risk, with DMDTP and DEDTP identified as major contributors to these associations. This underscores the need to prioritize control of these two pollutants to limit their exposure for osteoporosis prevention.