Systems-on-Chips for Invasive Brain-Computer Interfaces: Challenges and Opportunities

Invasive brain-computer interface (BCI) technology has recently gained significant attention due to its vast potential in treating neurodegenerative diseases and aiding in impairment rehabilitation. However, mainstream invasive BCI systems suffer from high power consumption, bulky setups, and inadequate channel capacity, which fail to meet the demands of implantable medical devices such as closed-loop neuromodulation, minimally invasive procedures, full implantation, and long-term operation. Systems-on-Chips (SoCs) play a critical role in BCI technology, being pivotal for the miniaturization and enhancement of BCI systems. This paper focuses on SoCs-based closed-loop neuromodulation and high-throughput neural recording, exploring the design challenges and opportunities. Also, we discuss the future perspectives and conclude the paper.