Quantum dot nanomaterials: Empowering advances in optoelectronic devices

• Quantum dots offer unique optical and electrical properties due to quantum confinement effects. • They benefit fields like solar energy, bioimaging, and optoelectronics with high quantum yield and size-dependent light emission. • Broad implementation faces challenges like high production costs, potential toxicity, and environmental instability. • Novel synthesis strategies, such as nonorganometallic and microwave-based methods, enhance safety and reduce costs. • This review covers quantum dot synthesis, property analysis, applications, and efforts to overcome current challenges. Quantum dot nanomaterials possess distinct optical and electrical properties from quantum confinement effects. These materials have notable benefits in diverse fields like solar energy conversion, bioimaging, and optoelectronic devices, owing to their high quantum yield and light emission that depends on their size. Nevertheless, the broad implementation of these technologies is impeded by problems such as exorbitant production costs, probable toxicity, and environmental instability. Novel synthesis strategies, such as nonorganometallic approaches and microwave-based procedures, are addressing these problems by strengthening safety, reducing expenses, and improving the photostability of quantum dots. This paper examines how quantum dots are created, methodologies for analyzing their properties, and possible uses in nanotechnology. It emphasizes how quantum dots have the ability to transform nanotechnology and overcome existing technological constraints. This review focuses on the most recent developments in quantum dot synthesis, exploring their diverse applications across multiple disciplines and discussing the ongoing endeavors to address the issues that come with them.