Lycopene Alleviates Chronic Stress-Induced Hippocampal Microglial Pyroptosis by Inhibiting the Cathepsin B/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway

Lycopene (LYC) exerts a strong neuroprotective and antipyroptotic effects. This study explored the effects and mechanisms of LYC on chronic stress-induced hippocampal microglial damage and depression-like behaviors. The caspase-1 inhibitor VX-765 attenuated chronic restrain stress (CRS)-induced hippocampal microglial pyroptosis and depression-like behaviors. Moreover, the alleviation of CRS-induced hippocampal microglial pyroptosis and depression-like behaviors by LYC was associated with the cathepsin B/NLRP3 pathway. In vitro, the caspase-1 inhibitor Z-YVAD-FMK alleviated pyroptosis in highly aggressively proliferating immortalized (HAPI) cells. Additionally, the alleviation of corticosterone-induced HAPI cell damage and pyroptosis by LYC was associated with the cathepsin B/NLRP3 pathway. Furthermore, the cathepsin B agonist pazopanib promoted HAPI cell pyroptosis, whereas LYC inhibited pazopanib-induced pyroptosis via the cathepsin B/NLRP3 pathway. Similarly, Z-YVAD-FMK inhibited pazopanib-induced HAPI cell pyroptosis. These results suggest that LYC alleviates chronic stress-induced hippocampal microglial pyroptosis via the cathepsin B/NLRP3 pathway inhibition. This study provides a new strategy for treating chronic stress encephalopathy.