医学
视网膜病变
肾病
糖尿病
糖尿病性视网膜病变
2型糖尿病
性功能障碍
蛋白尿
勃起功能障碍
疾病
并发症
糖尿病神经病变
人口
重症监护医学
内科学
2型糖尿病
内分泌学
环境卫生
作者
Charles Faselis,Alexandra Katsimardou,Κonstantinos Imprialos,Pavlos Deligkaris,Manolis S. Kallistratos,K. Dimitriadis
出处
期刊:Current Vascular Pharmacology
[Bentham Science]
日期:2020-01-27
卷期号:18 (2): 117-124
被引量:249
标识
DOI:10.2174/1570161117666190502103733
摘要
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic, non communicable, multisystem disease that has reached epidemic proportions. Chronic exposure to hyperglycaemia affects the microvasculature, eventually leading to diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy with high impact on the quality of life and overall life expectancy. Sexual dysfunction is an often-overlooked microvascular complication of T2DM, with a complex pathogenesis originating from endothelial dysfunction.The purpose of this review is to present current definitions, epidemiological data and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and sexual dysfunction. We also describe the clinical and laboratory evaluation that is mandatory for the diagnosis of these conditions.A comprehensive review of the literature was performed to identify data from clinical studies for the prevalence, risk factors and diagnostic methods of microvascular complications of T2DM.Diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy affect approximately 25% of patients with T2DM; diabetic neuropathy is encountered in almost 50% of the diabetic population, while the prevalence of erectile dysfunction ranges from 35-90% in diabetic men. The duration of T2DM along with glycemic, blood pressure and lipid control are common risk factors for the development of these complications. Criteria for the diagnosis of these conditions are well established, but exclusion of other causes is mandatory.Early detection of microvascular complications associated with T2DM is important, as early intervention leads to better outcomes. However, this requires awareness of their definition, prevalence and diagnostic modalities.
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