Intelligent Classification of Surrounding Rock of Tunnel Based on 10 Machine Learning Algorithms

The quality evaluation of the surrounding rock is the cornerstone of tunnel design and construction. Previous studies have confirmed the existence of a relationship between drilling parameters and the quality of surrounding rock. The application of drilling parameters to the intelligent classification of surrounding rock has the natural advantages of automatic information collection, real-time analysis, and no extra work. In this work, we attempt to establish the intelligent surrounding rock classification model and software system driven by drilling parameters. We collected 912 samples containing four drilling parameters (penetration velocity, hammer pressure, rotation pressure, and feed pressure) and three surrounding rock (grade-III, grade-IV, and grade-V). Based on the python machine learning toolkit (Scikit-learn), 10 types of supervised machine learning algorithms were used to train the intelligent surrounding rock classification model with the model parameter selection technology of grid search cross validation. The results show that the average accuracy is 0.82, which proves the feasibility of this method. Finally, the tunnel surrounding rock intelligent classification system was established based on three models with better comprehensive performance among them. The classification accuracy of the system was 0.87 in the tunnel test section, which indicates that the system has good generalization performance and practical value.