Review of the Latest Progress and Prospect of Piezoelectric Hydrogels for Bioelectronic Medicine

Bioelectronic medicine is an interdisciplinary field that integrates biology, electronics, and medicine with the aim of developing innovative medical devices and therapeutic approaches. However, traditional electronic materials used in biomedical devices are limited by their high rigidity, poor biocompatibility, and inadequate responsiveness, significantly hindering their practical application. Piezoelectric hydrogels (PHs) have emerged as a promising alternative, combining mechanical flexibility, tunability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability with the unique ability to convert mechanical stimuli into electrical energy. This reduces the reliance on external power sources, enhancing device functionality and patient safety. This Review comprehensively examines the latest advancements in PH research, focusing on their material properties, preparation methods, and applications in bioelectronic medicine, including energy harvesting, sensing, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. We also critically discuss current challenges and propose future directions. This work aims to provide a clear roadmap for researchers and clinicians, highlighting the potential of PHs to revolutionize bioelectronic medicine.