Analysis of Prefrontal Cortex Responses According to Oxyhemoglobin Concentration Changes in Participants Undertaking Horticultural Activities

This study aimed to investigate the psychophysiological effects of horticultural activities on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to understand how horticultural activities can influence mental health and cognitive function. This study involved 39 adults with an average age of 54.6 years (±12.5 years) and was conducted in a laboratory setting at Konkuk University. The impact of five different types of horticultural activities—sowing, transplanting, planting, harvesting, and packaging—on PFC oxyhemoglobin (oxy-HB) concentrations was assessed. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure oxy-HB levels in the PFC while participants engaged in each activity for 90 seconds. The results indicated that the overall PFC oxy-HB concentration was at its lowest during planting and at its highest during sowing ( P < 0.001). In the right PFC, oxy-HB was also at its lowest during planting and at its highest during sowing ( P < 0.01). In the left PFC, the lowest oxy-HB concentrations were observed during both planting and harvesting, whereas the highest oxy-HB concentrations were observed during transplanting and sowing ( P < 0.001). Additionally, sex-based differences were noted, with females showing significantly lower oxy-HB concentrations during sowing ( P < 0.05) and transplanting ( P < 0.01) than those of males. These findings suggested that psychophysiological responses, as indicated by oxy-HB concentrations, vary depending on the type of horticultural activity and by sex.