Hydrogen-Bond-Assisted Adsorption of Nitric Oxide on Various Metal-Loaded ZSM-5 Zeolites

Understanding the characteristics of nitric oxide (NO) adsorption on metal-loaded zeolites is a prerequisite for developing efficient catalysts for NO abatement reactions. In this study, we probed the effect of the hydrogen bond that exists between adsorbed NO and Brønsted acid sites (BAS) in various metal-loaded ZSM-5 zeolites (M-ZSM-5, wherein M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd, Ag, and Au) by using density functional theory calculations. The presence of a hydrogen bond has altered the NO adsorption energies significantly; appreciable stabilization via hydrogen bonding is noted for NO complexes of Zn, Fe, and Co, and reasonable stabilization is obtained for Ni and Cu complexes, whereas an anomalous effect of a hydrogen bond is identified in Ag, Pd, and Au species. Moderate weakening of the N-O bond in all NO-adsorbed complexes primarily due to a hydrogen bond has been realized in terms of Mayer bond order and quantum theory of atoms in molecules topological analyses; N-O bond activation follows the order Ag < Pd < Au < Ni < Cu < Co < Fe < Zn. We obtained a good correlation between hydrogen bond distance and molecular electrostatic potential at the O atom (VO) of NO adsorbed on BAS-free M-ZSM-5; which suggests that VO can be considered as a key descriptor to infer the strength of a hydrogen bond between the adsorbed NO and M-ZSM-5 with BAS. Finally, the energy decomposition analysis in combination with natural orbitals for chemical valence has provided the qualitative aspects of electron back-donation from the metal to the antibonding molecular orbital of NO; this back-donation is quite impressive in hydrogen-bond-assisted NO adsorption. We expect that the findings of this study will open up the possibility of the design of BAS-containing metal-loaded zeolites for the catalytic mitigation of NO.