Space rocket for air-rocket system

The traditional and most used method of launching payloads into Earth orbit is to launch a carrier rocket from the surface. An alternative method of space transport is launching payloads into Earth's orbit using air-rocket (air-assisted) systems. The concept of mixed space transport involves launching a space rocket with a payload from an aircraft or other reusable platform-carrier at a specific altitude above the Earth's surface. The air-rocket system enables the launch of small satellites while reducing ground infrastructure and costs. Such a method seems promising in the context of relatively cheap, mobile and responsive small payload launch systems. It is an interesting proposition and beneficial especially for countries without convenient conditions to build their own spaceport. The paper analyses the fundamental requirements for the design of rockets used in this type of system and performs preliminary calculations of a conceptual two- and three-stage rocket capable of lifting a payload of 10 kg into a zero-inclination orbit at an altitude of 500 km. The analyses carried out were based on available research reports in this area.