Objective To study the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) and eNOS in hippocampus of hypoxia preconditioned mice. Methods HeLa cells were divided into 3 groups:normoxia (group H 0), hypoxia for 1 hour (group H 1) and for 4 hours (group H 4). Mice were also divided into 3 groups:normoxia (group M 0), 1 run of hypoxia exposure (group M 1) and 4 runs of hypoxia exposure (group M 4). SDS-PAGE and Western blot were used to detect HIF-1α and eNOS. Results 1. HIF-1α could not be detected in group H 0, emerged in group H 1 and increased in group H 4. 2. There were almost no HIF-1α but some eNOS in group M 0. HIF-1α emerged and eNOS remained unchanged in group M 1. Both HIF-1α and eNOS increased in group M 4. Conclusion 1.Hypoxic HeLa cells produce HIF-1α. They could be the positive control for the detection of HIF-1α. 2. HIF-1α and eNOS increase during hypoxia preconditioning. They may act as neuronal protective agents. [