We introduced and summarized research of chemical compounds and bioactivity of Datura stramonium. Method: consulted nearly ten years of relevant literatures. Datura stramonium contains alkaloids compounds,volatile oils,phenolic compounds,etc; Pharmacological studies have shown that it has insecticidal,rodents,weeding and antibacterial actions,etc. Datura stramonium has extensive pharmacological effects,and it widely distributes in our country,so the further development and utilization of Datura stramonium is of greatly significance.