Scientific significance and prospects of emerging multidimensional functionalization materials based on wood cellulose

Wood cellulose-based materials have become key research targets for novel functional materials owing to their renewability, multi-scale hierarchical structures, and tunable properties. This review systematically examines wood cell wall architectures, cellulose nano-dissociation methods, and ordering mechanisms of structural-functional units, highlighting performance-enhancing strategies. The material's exceptional mechanical strength, anisotropic mass transport, and customizable surface functionality originate from oriented cellulose microfibril networks and hierarchical porosity. These inherent features enable optimized electrical conductivity, ion mobility, and stimuli-responsiveness through chemical modifications, nanostructural control, and interfacial assembly engineering. Advanced nano-restructuring techniques have facilitated applications in smart textiles, thermal management, electromagnetic shielding, flexible electronics, and energy storage systems. Critical challenges involve understanding dynamic cellulose ordering mechanisms and cross-scale interactions. Developing biomimetic design principles and intelligent fabrication methods could overcome traditional cellulose material limitations. Such progress promises to advance wood-derived functional materials in sustainable energy and environmental technologies, emphasizing structural hierarchy manipulation across nano-to-macro scales for multifunctional performance.