Association of sex and age with in‐hospital mortality and complications of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage: A study from the Chinese Stroke Center Alliance

Abstract Background and purpose The impact of sex and age on prognosis in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the Chinese population remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between sex and age of Chinese ICH patients and adverse prognosis. Methods We used the Chinese Stroke Center Alliance database with in‐hospital mortality as the primary outcome and hospital complications as the secondary outcome. Patients were divided into four groups by sex and age. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between sex and age and the prognosis of ICH patients. Results We enrolled 60,911 ICH patients, including 22,284 young and middle‐aged males, 15,651 older males, 11,948 young and middle‐aged females, and 11,028 older females. After adjusting for variables, older male patients had a higher mortality rate (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.01–1.45), combined with more frequent hematoma expansion (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.03–1.26), pneumonia (OR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.81–2.03), and hydrocephalus (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.04–1.59). Young and middle‐aged female patients had a lower mortality rate (OR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.58–0.95) and less frequent combined pneumonia (OR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.75–0.87). In‐hospital mortality was not significantly different in older females compared with young and middle‐aged males, but the odds of deep vein thrombosis, swallowing disorders, urinary tract infections, and gastrointestinal bleeding were significantly higher. Conclusion Among young and middle‐aged patients, females are related to a lower in‐hospital mortality rate from ICH. Older patients are at an increased risk of ICH complications, with higher in‐hospital mortality in older men.