Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Atherosclerotic Disease: Integrative Review

Immunotherapy, especially monoclonal antibodies, has shown efficacy in modulating the inflammatory response and controlling lipidic pathways, offering new approaches for treating atherosclerotic disease. This article reviews the scientific evidence on the use of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in treating atherosclerotic disease. An integrative review was carried out using the protocol Whittemore and Knafl framework and the PRISMA 2020 guidelines for systematic reviews. We analyzed clinical trials using monoclonal antibody immunotherapy to treat atherosclerosis. This review used the relevant articles published in Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scielo, BVS, and Cinhal databases. The period of publication studies that was selected was between 2015 and 2025. Results: 277 articles were identified. One hundred and 22 studies were in duplicate and were excluded. After the complete reading of the studies, only 20 clinical studies were included in this review, both randomized and nonrandomized. Monoclonal antibody immunotherapy presents an innovative approach to treating atherosclerosis by targeting inflammation and lipidic pathway factors. However, these treatments need to be thought out individually, and further research is required to optimize them, minimize risks, and address cost challenges. Combining immunotherapy with other therapies could promote a significant advancement in atherosclerosis management.