Optimal dietary patterns for prevention of chronic disease

医学 2型糖尿病 糖尿病 危险系数 疾病 内科学 食品集团 置信区间 癌症预防 癌症 环境卫生 内分泌学
作者
Peilu Wang,Mingyang Song,A. Heather Eliassen,Molin Wang,Teresa T. Fung,Steven K. Clinton,Eric B. Rimm,Frank B. Hu,Walter C. Willett,Fred K. Tabung,Edward L. Giovannucci
出处
期刊:Nature Medicine [Nature Portfolio]
卷期号:29 (3): 719-728 被引量:106
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41591-023-02235-5
摘要

Multiple dietary patterns have been associated with different diseases; however, their comparability to improve overall health has yet to be determined. Here, in 205,852 healthcare professionals from three US cohorts followed for up to 32 years, we prospectively assessed two mechanism-based diets and six diets based on dietary recommendations in relation to major chronic disease, defined as a composite outcome of incident major cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes and cancer. We demonstrated that adherence to a healthy diet was generally associated with a lower risk of major chronic disease (hazard ratio (HR) comparing the 90th with the 10th percentile of dietary pattern scores = 0.58–0.80). Participants with low insulinemic (HR = 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.57, 0.60), low inflammatory (HR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.60, 0.63) or diabetes risk-reducing (HR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.69, 0.72) diet had the largest risk reduction for incident major CVD, type 2 diabetes and cancer as a composite and individually. Similar findings were observed across gender and diverse ethnic groups. Our results suggest that dietary patterns associated with markers of hyperinsulinemia and inflammation and diabetes development may inform on future dietary guidelines for chronic disease prevention. Analyses of eight dietary patterns revealed that adherence to low insulinemic, low inflammatory or diabetes risk-reducing diets was associated with the largest risk reduction of cardiometabolic diseases and cancer in US men and women.
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