Immune‐Modulation and Gut Microbiome

Evidence from several research projects in the past decade has highlighted the role of gut microbiome in host immune homeostasis and maintaining human and animal health. There is a bidirectional communication between gut microbiome and host immune system. In this chapter, we review the role of the gut microbiome in immune modulation in humans and animals. In addition, the chapter highlights how alteration in gut microbiome known as dysbiosis is associated with several diseases. We outline how several factors including diet and health supplements (probiotics) influence the gut microbiome and the resulting impact in modulation immune response.