Epilepsy surgery.

Epilepsy surgery is assuming greater importance in treating patients with partial epilepsy whose seizures are uncontrolled with antiepileptic drugs. Many good candidates for surgical treatment are not presented with the option of surgery. The evaluation for epilepsy surgery is extensive and includes several stages of noninvasive and invasive testing. As more sophisticated noninvasive tests develop, fewer patients require invasive monitoring studies such as depth or subdural electrodes. The principal forms of surgical treatment include focal resection, corpus callosotomy, and hemispherectomy. Temporal lobectomy remains the most common and effective form of epilepsy surgery. Frontiers of epilepsy surgery include resective surgery for intractable infantile spasms and multiple subpial transections for patients whose seizure foci are in sensory, motor, or languages cortex. Additional studies are needed to define the safety and efficacy of these new procedures.